Historical Perspectives: Telemedicine in Neonatology.

Telemedicine is fast becoming integrated into health care as a way to increase access for patients, particularly across the urban/rural divide. Use of telemedicine in neonatology is a newer, yet rapidly expanding modality. This review outlines the history of telemedicine, the evolution of its current uses in neonatology, requirements for starting a telemedicine program, and potential future uses.

Integrating Parents in Neonatal and Pediatric Research.

BACKGROUND: Parents and their infants are the beneficiaries of neonatal and pediatric research, but in the past they have been excluded from most stages of research projects. As a result, many projects may fail to produce the most worthwhile information for parents and families. Lately, veteran resource parents and patients have been increasingly integrated in research initiatives. METHODS: Benchmarking of neonatal and pediatric research initiatives where resource parents and/or ex neonatal patients have helped to optimize pediatric research. We review ways in which resource parents/patients can be involved in research, with examples and practical ideas of how to proceed. RESULTS: Resource parents/patients can be collaborators in research and be integrated in many steps: prioritizing research projects, designing trials, determining the outcomes of interest, ethics review, developing and improving consent procedures, collection and interpretation of data, participation in data safety monitoring committees, publication of results, and presentation to peer groups. Some of the strategies for integration of stakeholders in clinical research are more complex, may involve risk and require more training than others. CONCLUSION: We suggest that groups wanting to involve parents in their research endeavors start with simpler tasks that entail less risk and develop teams of resource parents who have differing interests and abilities. Quality control of programs is essential, such as frequently giving and obtaining feedback from resource parents/patients and researchers. In the future, integration of resource parents/patients into every step of clinical research will be essential to ensure that parent and family important outcomes are examined.

Fundamentos do cuidado na pesagem do recém-nascido / Fundamentals of care in weighing the newborn / Fundamentos de cuidado de peso en el recién

Objetivo: Descrever, comparativamente, duas imagens representativas do procedimento de pesagem dos recém-nascidos, contidas em obras de 1949 e 2011. Metodologia: O estudo tem por proposta a história comparada. Resultados e discussão: Na publicação do ano de 1949, identificou-se a preocupação acentuada no recém-nascido com quantitativo de imagens utilizadas para o seu manuseio, que, de forma distinta, é possível se identificar em 2011, quando se aponta a preocupação com a técnica da pesagem direcionada ao lençol. Conclusão: Pela visualização dos mosaicos, evidenciou-se que, em 1949, o recém-nascido era o ponto maior de importância do cuidado direto; enquanto que, em 2011, infere-se ser o instrumento tecnológico o que merece destaque visual. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo traz à baila reflexões que permitem margens para futuras pesquisas sobre o quão semelhante, ou não, poder-se-ia apontar os cuidados realizados numa vertente observacional do passado no presente no cuidado em neonatologia

Purpose: to describe, comparatively, two representative images of the weighing procedure of newborns contained in works from 1949 and 2011. Methodology: The study proposes comparative history. Results and discussion: In the publication of 1949, a marked concern was identified in the newborn with quantitative images used to handle it, which is distinctly identifiable in 2011, when it is pointed out the concern with the Weighing technique directed to the sheet. Conclusion: From the visualization of the mosaics, it was evidenced that in 1949, the newborn was the greatest point of importance of direct care; While in 2011, it is inferred to be the technological instrument that deserves visual prominence. In this way, the present study brings to the fore reflections that allow margins for future research on how similar, or not, it would be possible to point out the care performed in an observational aspect of the past in the present in neonatology care

Objetivo: Describir comparativamente dos imágenes representativas del procedimiento de peso de los recién nacidos contenida en las obras de 1949 y 2011. Métodos: El estudio se propone la historia comparada. Resultados y discusión: En la publicación del año 1949, que identifican la fuerte preocupación en el recién nacido con imágenes cuantitativos utilizados para el manejo de la misma, que de diferentes maneras puede ser identificado en 2011, cuando se señala la preocupación por pesar el arte dirigido a la hoja. Conclusión: Para la visualización de mosaicos, se hizo evidente que en 1949, el recién nacido era el punto más importante de la atención directa; mientras que en 2011, se infiere que la herramienta tecnológica que merece más destacado visual. Por lo tanto, este estudio nos lleva a reflexiones que permiten márgenes para futuras investigaciones sobre cómo similares o no, el poder desea señalar a la atención proporcionada en un brazo de observación del pasado en el presente en el cuidado de neonatología

Nutrition for Preterm Infants: 75 Years of History.

As technology has advanced, survival rates of preterm infants have improved dramatically. Human milk was the primary source of enteral nutrition during the early days of neonatology, but the HIV/AIDS epidemic resulted in an increased use of preterm formula. More recently, the benefits of human milk were rediscovered, resulting in increased use of donor human milk as well. The awareness that human milk does not contain the amounts of nutrients to meet the high requirements of infants born premature resulted in the development of human milk fortifiers. The development of these fortifiers is still ongoing, as are alternative methods of pasteurization of donor milk. Those initiatives will increase the use of human milk with consequently short- and long-term benefits for preterm infants.